PYQ'S For Fundamentals of Information Security (SECCS-02)
PAPER - DECEMBER 2025
1. Which of the following is known as the "father of the Internet"?
Answer: Vint Cerf (A)
2. What does a domain name represent?
Answer: Human-readable name for a website (B)
3. Which of the following is a key benefit of E-Governance?
Answer: Transparency and reduced delays (B)
4. What is the primary aim of E-Governance?
Answer: Provide efficient and transparent government services (C)
5. Which of the following is NOT a model of E-Governance?
Answer: Mechanical Model (D)
6. Which of the following is the first stage of E-Governance?
Answer: Information (B)
7. Legal infrastructure readiness refers to:
Answer: Ensuring laws and policies support ICT implementation (B)
8. Institutional infrastructure readiness involves:
Answer: Establishing ICT policies and responsible agencies (A)
9. E-Commerce refers to:
Answer: Buying and selling of goods and services over the internet (A)
10. What does DNS primarily do?
Answer: Converts domain names to IP addresses (B)
11. Which stage of E-Governance involves online payments and service delivery?
Answer: Transaction (C)
12. Which protocol is mainly used for routing packets on the Internet?
Answer: IP – Internet Protocol (C)
13. What is the purpose of encryption in information security?
Answer: To make data unreadable to unauthorized users (A)
14. Which E-Governance model focuses on sharing information widely?
Answer: Broadcasting Model (A)
15. What is a major challenge in E-Governance implementation in India?
Answer: Resistance to change (C)
16. Which model helps in analyzing data to compare different options?
Answer: Comparative Analysis Model (A)
17. Which of the following is used for online payment?
Answer: All of the above (D)
(Credit Card, Digital Cash, EFT)
18. Which of the following is a major reason for committing cyber-crimes?
Answer: Curiosity and fun (B)
19. Malware stands for:
Answer: Malicious Software (B)
20. Which of the following is NOT a category of cyber-crime?
Answer: Road Rage (D)
21. Cyber Stalking refers to:
Answer: Using the internet to harass or intimidate someone repeatedly (B)
22. Which of the following is an example of a "Salami Attack"?
Answer: Stealing small amounts of money from multiple accounts (A)
23. Which section of law primarily governs cyber-crimes in India?
Answer: IT Act 2000 (amended 2008) (B)
24. Private IP addresses belong to which category?
Answer: Internal/Local Networks (A)
25. Which of the following is an application of the Internet?
Answer: All of the above (D)
- E-commerce
- Video conferencing
- Online education
26. Which program was launched to transform India into a digitally empowered society?
Answer: Digital India (B)
27. Which of the following is a service under Digital India?
Answer: All of the above (D)
- DigiLocker
- e-Hospital
- e-Police Services
28. What is the main motive behind cyberstalking?
Answer: Harassing someone online (A)
29. What does "E-Readiness" primarily assess?
Answer: A country's ability to use ICT for development (B)
30. What is Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)?
Answer: Transfer of funds electronically between bank accounts (B)
31. Digital cash is:
Answer: Electronic form of currency used for online payments (D)
32. Google Wallet is an example of:
Answer: Mobile Payment System (C)
33. Cyber-crime refers to:
Answer: Crimes committed using digital devices or the internet (A)
34. Adware is primarily designed to:
Answer: Show unwanted advertisements (B)
35. A virus typically requires:
Answer: A host file to spread (C)
36. Which cyber-crime involves taking control of a website by redirecting its pages?
Answer: Web Jacking (B)
37. Spamming refers to:
Answer: Sending large amounts of unsolicited emails (A)
38. National Information Infrastructure (NII) includes:
Answer: Telecommunications and computer networks (B)
39. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of E-Commerce?
Answer: Limited access to customers (D)
40. What is the main reason for amending the IT Act in 2008?
Answer: Rising cyber-crimes and emerging technologies (B)
PAPER - JUNE 2025
1. What is the role of a payment gateway in E-Commerce?
Answer: Secure online payments (B)
2. Which device is required to connect to the Internet?
Answer: Router (A)
3. What does “E-Commerce” refer to?
Answer: Buying and selling goods or services online (B)
4. Mobile security is also known as?
Answer: Wireless Security (B)
5. Which of the following is an example of a strong password?
Answer: P@ssw0rd123! (C)
6. What is the term for a method that verifies the identity of a user?
Answer: Authentication (A)
7. Which of the following is used to protect e-commerce websites from unauthorized access?
Answer: SSL/TLS Encryption (A)
8. Which of the following is an example of a physical layer device?
Answer: Hub (C)
9. Data ______ is used to ensure confidentiality.
Answer: Encryption (C)
10. Which of the following is an example of a cyber attack targeting e-commerce websites?
Answer: All of the above (D)
- Phishing
- DoS Attack
- SQL Injection
11. Which of the following is NOT a web browser?
Answer: Windows (D)
12. Which of the following is an example of an Internet domain?
Answer: .net (A)
13. Which payment method is most commonly used in E-Commerce?
Answer: Digital Payments (B)
14. Which platform is commonly targeted by spammers?
Answer: All of the above (D)
- Social Media
- Websites
15. What is the main reason organizations adopt an ISMS?
Answer: To comply with legal and regulatory requirements (A)
16. What does the term ‘whistleblowing’ refer to in information security?
Answer: Reporting unethical or illegal activities (A)
17. Which cybercrime targets financial systems to steal money?
Answer: Financial Fraud (A)
18. The term FTP stands for?
Answer: File Transfer Protocol (C)
19. What is the term for unauthorized use of someone’s computer resources for illegal activities?
Answer: Cryptojacking (B)
20. What is the primary goal of cyber security in e-commerce?
Answer: To protect customer data and transactions (B)
21. In which layer of the OSI model does IP (Internet Protocol) operate?
Answer: Network Layer (C)
22. What is the function of a firewall in securing an e-commerce platform?
Answer: To block unauthorized access (A)
23. What is the term for a malicious program disguised as legitimate software?
Answer: Trojan Horse (A)
24. Which of the following is a key factor in assessing E-Readiness?
Answer: Internet Penetration (A)
25. Which cybercrime involves encrypting a victim’s data and demanding payment?
Answer: Ransomware (A)
26. Which global organization combats organized cybercrime?
Answer: Interpol (A)
27. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of implementing ISMS?
Answer: Reduced legal requirements (D)
28. Why is it unethical to use someone else’s password without permission?
Answer: It violates privacy (A)
29. What is the purpose of spyware?
Answer: To monitor user activity without consent (B)
30. Which technology is commonly used in E-Commerce for personalized recommendations?
Answer: Artificial Intelligence (A)
31. Which term refers to illegally selling stolen data on the dark web?
Answer: Data Trading (D)
32. What is identity theft in the context of cybercrime?
Answer: Using someone’s personal data without permission (A)
33. What is an example of the G2B model?
Answer: Online tax filing by businesses (A)
34. Which of the following is a key component of an ISMS?
Answer: Risk Assessment (A)
35. What is the ethical responsibility of information security professionals?
Answer: To protect user privacy and sensitive data (B)
36. Which of the following is a method used to ensure secure online payments in e-commerce?
Answer: All of the above (D)
- Digital Certificates
- Passwords
- Two-Factor Authentication
37. Which of the following is an example of a physical security measure for information protection?
Answer: Locking computers in a secure room (C)
38. What is the primary purpose of spamming?
Answer: To promote products or services (B)
39. Which of the following is an example of organized cybercrime?
Answer: Cyber Extortion (B)
40. What is Internet?
Answer: A vast collection of different networks (B)
PAPER - DECEMBER 2024
1. What is phishing?
Answer: Sending fraudulent messages to steal personal information (A)
2. What is the role of DNS in the Internet?
Answer: Translating domain names to IP addresses (B)
3. Which of the following is a common objective across all e-governance models?
Answer: Transparency and accountability (B)
4. What is the ultimate benefit of high E-Readiness?
Answer: Enhanced digital inclusion and economic growth (B)
5. What is the main motive behind cyberstalking?
Answer: Harassing someone online (A)
6. What is the purpose of encryption in information security?
Answer: To make data unreadable to unauthorized users (A)
7. What is the first step in the ISMS implementation process?
Answer: Identifying information assets (C)
Note: According to your syllabus (ISMS planning process), asset identification comes before risk assessment.
8. What is the primary goal of the G2E model?
Answer: Facilitate employee training and welfare (A)
9. What is the role of encryption in e-commerce security?
Answer: To prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data (A)
10. Which sector is most affected by low E-Readiness?
Answer: Education (C)
11. Which protocol is used to transfer data securely over the Internet?
Answer: HTTPS (B)
12. Why is transparency important in information security ethics?
Answer: It builds trust and accountability (A)
13. What is a key element of continuous improvement in an ISMS?
Answer: All of the above (D)
- Periodic risk assessments
- Regular audits
- Employee training
14. Which law in India deals with cybercrime?
Answer: IT Act, 2000 (B)
15. Which e-governance model focuses on enhancing the business environment?
Answer: G2B (Government-to-Business) (C)
16. Which cybercrime involves tricking someone to reveal personal information through fake websites?
Answer: Phishing (A)
17. Which cybercrime involved hackers spreading the “WannaCry” ransomware across the globe in 2017?
Answer: WannaCry Ransomware Attack (A)
18. What does ISMS stand for?
Answer: Information Security Management System (B)
19. What is cyber espionage?
Answer: Gathering confidential data from governments or organizations (B)
20. What is the act of sending unwanted bulk emails known as?
Answer: Spamming (A)
21. Which platform is an example of a marketplace model in E-Commerce?
Answer: Amazon (A)
22. Which e-governance model emphasizes providing services directly to citizens?
Answer: Government-to-Citizen (G2C) (C)
23. In which case did hackers steal personal information of 143 million people in 2017?
Answer: Equifax Data Breach (A)
24. What is the term used for a malicious software that damages or disrupts a computer system?
Answer: Malware (A)
25. Which action is considered unethical in information security?
Answer: Unauthorized access to sensitive information (B)
26. What is the full form of ISP?
Answer: Internet Service Provider (C)
27. Which component is NOT directly related to E-Readiness?
Answer: Cultural Heritage Preservation (C)
28. What is the role of a botnet in organized cybercrime?
Answer: Performing coordinated attacks (B)
29. Which device is used to prevent unauthorized access to a network?
Answer: Firewall (B)
30. What is Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) in e-commerce security?
Answer: All of the above (D)
- Password + Security Question
- Password + Temporary Code
- Password + Biometric Data
31. What should be done if a security flaw is discovered?
Answer: Reporting the flaw to the relevant authorities (C)
32. What is malware designed to monitor and steal information from a system called?
Answer: Spyware (A)
33. Which of the following is NOT a type of E-Commerce?
Answer: C2C2B (Consumer-to-Consumer-to-Business) (D)
34. What is the primary goal of information security?
Answer: To protect data from unauthorized access (B)
35. Which of the following is NOT a type of cyber attack?
Answer: Hardware Failure (D)
36. What is the primary goal of organized cybercrime groups?
Answer: Financial Gain (B)
37. Which of the following is a key feature of E-Commerce?
Answer: 24/7 Availability (B)
38. What does SSL stand for in e-commerce security?
Answer: Secure Socket Layer (A)
39. Which of the following is an example of a cybercrime?
Answer: Online Fraud (A)
40. What is the primary purpose of information security ethics?
Answer: To ensure data privacy (A)
High-Probability MCQs for Exam
Q. DNS converts?
Ans: Domain Names → IP Addresses
Q. ISP stands for?
Ans: Internet Service Provider
Q. SSL stands for?
Ans: Secure Socket Layer
Q. Malware stands for?
Ans: Malicious Software
Q. Spyware does what?
Ans: Monitors user activity
Q. Main objective of G2C?
Ans: Citizen services
Q. Main objective of G2B?
Ans: Business services
Q. Main objective of G2E?
Ans: Employee services
Q. Main objective of Information Security?
Ans: Protect data
Q. Main goal of Organized Cybercrime?
Ans: Financial gain
PAPER - JUNE 2024
1. SMTP stands for
Answer: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (A)
2. How many versions are available of IP?
Answer: 2 Versions (IPv4 and IPv6) (C)
3. The term LAN stands for?
Answer: Local Area Network (B)
4. If systems use separate protocols, which device is used to link two systems?
Answer: Gateway (B)
5. The private key in asymmetric key cryptography is kept by:
Answer: Receiver (B)
6. In which switching method is the message divided into small packets?
Answer: Packet Switching (B)
7. DNS stands for:
Answer: Domain Name System (C)
8. What is a Firewall in Computer Network?
Answer: A system designed to prevent unauthorized access (C)
9. DHCP is the abbreviation of:
Answer: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (B)
10. What is the meaning of Bandwidth in Network?
Answer: Transmission capacity of a communication channel (A)
11. Each IP packet must contain:
Answer: Source and Destination Address (C)
12. _____ provides a connection-oriented reliable service for sending messages.
Answer: TCP (A)
13. What is the minimum header size of an IP packet?
Answer: 20 Bytes (C)
14. Which of the following can be Software?
Answer: Firewalls (B)
15. Computer Network is:
Answer: All of the above (D)
- Collection of hardware and computers
- Interconnected by communication channels
- Sharing resources and information
16. A set of rules that govern all aspects of information communication is called:
Answer: Protocol (C)
17. Which set of protocols defines all transmission exchanges across the Internet?
Answer: TCP/IP (B)
18. What is Internet?
Answer: A vast collection of different networks (B)
19. How many layers are present in the Internet Protocol Stack (TCP/IP Model)?
Answer: 5 Layers (A)
20. A program that is used to view websites is called a:
Answer: Browser (A)
21. A collection of hyperlinked documents on the Internet forms the:
Answer: World Wide Web (WWW) (A)
22. The location of a resource on the Internet is given by its:
Answer: URL (B)
23. The term HTTP stands for:
Answer: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (C)
24. Which software prevents external access to a system?
Answer: Firewall (A)
25. Which one of the following is the most common Internet protocol?
Answer: TCP/IP (C)
26. The term FTP stands for:
Answer: File Transfer Protocol (C)
27. Who deploys malware to a system or network?
Answer: Criminal organizations, Black Hat Hackers, Malware Developers, Cyber-Terrorists (B)
28. The full form of Malware is:
Answer: Malicious Software (D)
29. Which of the following is used to protect data and passwords?
Answer: Encryption (A)
30. _____ is NOT a proper method for email security.
Answer: Click on unknown links to explore (A)
31. Authentication is:
Answer: To assure identity of a user on a remote system (B)
32. A virus that migrates freely within a large population of unauthorized email users is called a:
Answer: Worm (D)
33. Data _____ is used to ensure confidentiality.
Answer: Encryption (C)
34. Packet filtering firewalls are deployed on:
Answer: Routers (C)
35. Cybersecurity is also referred to as:
Answer: Information Technology Security (C)
36. Which of the following can be considered as elements of cyber security?
Answer: All of the above (D)
- Network Security
- Operational Security
- Application Security
37. Which type of text is transformed with the help of a cipher algorithm?
Answer: Plain Text (A)
38. In Digital Signature, there is a _____ relationship between signature and message.
Answer: One to One (A)
39. _____ refers to sending email to thousands and thousands of users similar to a chain letter.
Answer: Email Spamming (C)
40. Mobile Security is also known as:
Answer: Wireless Security (B)
MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Networking
Q. DNS stands for?
Ans: Domain Name System
Q. DHCP stands for?
Ans: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Q. SMTP stands for?
Ans: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Q. FTP stands for?
Ans: File Transfer Protocol
Q. HTTP stands for?
Ans: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Q. TCP/IP is?
Ans: Internet Protocol Suite
Security
Q. Malware stands for?
Ans: Malicious Software
Q. Authentication means?
Ans: Identity Verification
Q. Encryption provides?
Ans: Confidentiality
Q. Firewall does what?
Ans: Prevents Unauthorized Access
Q. Cybersecurity is also called?
Ans: Information Technology Security
Internet Basics
Q. WWW stands for?
Ans: World Wide Web
Q. URL identifies?
Ans: Location of a resource on the Internet
Q. Browser is used for?
Ans: Viewing websites
Q. LAN stands for?
Ans: Local Area Network
PYQ Trend Analysis
After looking at all 4 papers, these topics are repeated the most:
Extremely Important (Almost Guaranteed)
- DNS
- Firewall
- Encryption
- Authentication
- Malware
- Phishing
- Cyber Stalking
- E-Commerce
- E-Governance Models (G2C, G2B, G2E)
- E-Readiness
- ISMS
- IT Act 2000
- Digital India
- FTP / HTTP / SMTP
- TCP/IP
- Ransomware
- Spyware
- Digital Signature
- Internet & WWW
- ISP
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